By Udo Jude Ilo
The 2025 Munich Security Conference brought together global leaders for critical discussions on security, governance, and economic stability. In this blog, our CEO shares key takeaways from the conference and insights on the role of people-centred justice in building a more secure world.
The recently concluded Munich Security Conference once again reaffirmed its status as a crucial stage for dialogue on global security. But this year, more than ever, it unfolded against a backdrop of seismic geopolitical shifts, rising tensions, and conflicts that are reshaping international relations.
The United States’ unilateral efforts to engage Russia in ending the war in Ukraine have not only drawn sharp criticism from European leaders but have also forced Europe to reconsider its relationship with Washington, hinting at a potential fracture in transatlantic unity. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky’s impassioned speech served as a stark reminder that Ukraine refuses to be sidelined in decisions about its own future.
Beyond Ukraine, the world’s fragile security landscape was laid bare—Rwanda-backed M23 advances in Goma intensified instability in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, while the deepening crisis in Sudan fueled urgent debate. Yet, even amid these conflicts, there were glimmers of hope: discussions on Africa’s evolving role in a polarized world and efforts to rebuild in Lebanon and Syria underscored the resilience of nations striving for stability.
For me, one critical takeaway emerged from these discussions—security is not just about military alliances or geopolitical manoeuvring. It is about people. More than ever, the world must recognize that strong, accessible justice systems that address people’s legal needs are the bedrock of lasting stability and security, particularly in Africa and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Without justice, peace will remain elusive.
The Role of Africa in Global Security and Economic Partnerships
Africa stands at a pivotal moment in global geopolitics—no longer a passive player but a strategic partner with immense potential. As I emphasized during the panel on economic security (hosted by EY) and a discussion on Africa’s place in global affairs (hosted by ISS), Africa is the beautiful bride, offering Europe an opportunity to forge a new, mutually beneficial alliance. With its abundant affordable labour, clean energy potential, and vast mineral resources, Africa holds the keys to addressing Europe’s economic security concerns at a time when transatlantic ties are fraying. But this partnership must be built on mutual respect, shared prosperity, and strong diplomacy—not outdated notions of aid and dependency.
Africa is not a charity case; it is a rising power that can help strengthen Europe’s global standing. However, for Africa to fully step into this role, its leaders must reinforce the rule of law, protect investments, and create an environment where justice and economic stability thrive. Only then can it position itself as the reliable, influential partner that Europe—and the world—needs.
Justice as the Foundation of Stability
Discussions on conflicts in the DRC, Sudan, and Ukraine highlighted a troubling reality—negotiations often prioritize geopolitical interests over the human cost of war. Justice must be placed at the heart of conflict resolution efforts. No individual or community should bear the brunt of political power struggles. Instead, the primary objective of global diplomacy should be to alleviate suffering and uphold human dignity.
The absence of effective justice systems often fuels cycles of violence and instability. In fragile states, unresolved disputes over land, resources, and governance escalate into full-blown conflicts. Investing in people-centred justice mechanisms—such as accessible courts, alternative dispute resolution, and community justice initiatives—can help address these issues before they spiral out of control. Research by HiiL’s Justice Needs Surveys across 27 countries has demonstrated the feasibility and impact of justice systems that prioritize people’s everyday legal needs.
Democracy and the Rule of Law must prevail over Authoritarianism
Democracy is under threat globally. At the conference, concerns were raised about the erosion of democratic principles, where executive overreach is justified under the guise of national interests, and free speech is weaponized to spread hate and division. These trends, if left unchecked, could erode not only domestic stability but also global security.
Democracy should be seen as a means to an end, not an end in itself. It must serve the fundamental purpose of delivering solutions to people’s problems, ensuring legal protection, inclusion, economic empowerment, and freedom. Justice and governance systems must be structured to guarantee these outcomes.
Building a Global Security Framework Rooted in Justice
Finally, we need to find common values that we can rally around to help protect global security. A people-centred justice system that allows for individuals to resolve their justice needs fairly and timely is fundamental to stability and economic growth. Rule of law ensures certainty of law and equal application of the law to all that come before it. We need this to build up economic security across the world and a reliable system of order that is consistent. HiiL’s Justice Needs Survey in about 27 countries shows the importance and feasibility of building justice systems premised on peoples’ daily needs.
This call to action has never been more pressing. Key donors in justice and development aid such as the Government of the Netherlands, have announced plans to align foreign aid efforts with security objectives, particularly in conflict-prone regions like West Africa, the Horn of Africa, and MENA. By linking aid to security and migration policies, the Netherlands seeks to prevent the rise of terrorist and criminal organizations, curb asylum applications, and address root causes of instability, such as food insecurity and governance failures. If the goal is true and lasting stability, then justice must be central to these efforts. The Dutch government—and other key global actors—must recognize that investing in people-centred justice is not just complementary to security but fundamental to it.
The path forward is clear: justice, accountability, and solidarity must be at the heart of our global security agenda. From Munich, I carry a sense of cautious optimism—knowing that while the challenges ahead are immense, the solutions lie in our collective resolve to build justice systems that serve people first. A secure and stable future for Africa, MENA, and the world depends on it.
Udo Jude Ilo is the CEO of HiiL.
